The Climate System

The Climate is an Interactive System  www.icpac.net

The Greenhouse effect

-Visible energy from the sun passes through the glass and heats the ground

-Infra-red heat energy from the ground is partly reflected by the glass and some is trapped inside the greenhouse.

Natural variability of climate
1. External forcings:
-Solar radiation
-Volcanic eruptions- aerosols source into the atmosphere

2. Internal climate variability:
-ENSO
-NAO and other leading modes of variability

Causes of Climate Change
In as much as we have the natural causes (which are not major) human activities are most responsible for climate change.
How do we quantify the response of the climate system?
The response of the climate system to forcing agents is complicated by feedback effects, the non-linearity of many processes

Science Based Evidence on Climate Change

Detection- is climate changing at global; regional and local levels?
Attribution: Possible causes